Improvement of Aerodynamic Analysis on Helicopter Rotor Blade by Applying Passive Flow Control

Authors

  • Mohd Hafiz Mohd Noh School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Muhammad Shahrul Azryn Hanif School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Keywords:

Helicopter aerodynamics, Passive flow control, Slot, Surface turbulence, NACA 0012 airfoil

Abstract

Rotor blades are essential for helicopter flight as they provide lift similar to an airplane’s wings, allowing the aircraft to take off, hover, and maneuver. However, they also generate aerodynamic drag, which can reduce maximum speed, stability, maneuverability, and fuel efficiency. The enhancement on the blade is usually done at the trailing edge area; however, this time it was done at the leading edge location. This study explored the use of passive flow control to enhance rotor blade performance by minimizing surface turbulence. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, key parameters such as velocity and lift-to-drag ratios coefficient are examined at a Reynolds number (Re) of 3×10⁶. The research utilized the SST k-ω turbulence model and an unstructured mesh to simulate airflow around a NACA 0012 airfoil at a 15° angle of attack. Passive flow control was applied using slots of 5%, 10%, and 15% of the chord length, placed in turbulent flow regions and extending downstream. The findings indicate that positioning passive flow control further downstream increases the lift-to-drag ratio with 5% slot sizes delaying turbulence, improving velocity reattachment to the blade surface and improving the lift-to-drag ratio by approximately 77% compared with non slot blade. This highlights the effectiveness of passive flow control in improving the aerodynamic efficiency of rotor blades.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

J. D. Anderson, A History of Aerodynamics and Its Impact on Flying Machines, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

J. G. Leishman, Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, 2nd Edition, United Kingdom: Cambride University Press, 2006.

J. J. Bertin and R. M. Cummings, Aerodynamics For Engineers, vol. 6th Edition, P. V. Reddy, Ed., England: Cambridge University Press, 2021.

J. Hsueh, C. Fritz, C. E. Thomas , A. P. Reimer, A. T. Reisner, D. Schoenfeld, A. Haimovich and S. H. Thomas, "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Helicopter Emergency Medical Services," Air Medical Journal, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 90-95, 2024.

S. Singh, S. Shrestha, P. Nakarmi, R. Yadav, S. Ulla, S. Singh, R. Pande, P. Kumar Jha, B. Joshi, A. Baniya, S. Thapa and S. Karki, "Evolution of Helicopter Services and Their Development From a Medical Standpoint," Air Medical Journal, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 30-33, 2025.

R. P. Patterson, Vibration Reduction in Rotorcraft Using Active Flow Control, 2021.

D. Greenblatt, C. L. Rumsey and I. J. Wygnanski, "Aerodynamic Flow Control," Ensyclopedia of Aerospace Science, 2010.

J. C. Boniface , G. Gibertini, A. Zanotti, G. Droandi, F. Auteri, R. Gavériaux and A. Le Pape, "Helicopter Drag Reduction by Vortex Generators," Aerospace Science and Technology, vol. 47, pp. 324-339, 2015.

B. Bakhtiari Nia, M. Ja'fari, A. Reza Ranjbar and A. J. Jaworski, "Passive Flow Control of Boundary Layer Flow Separation on Wind Turbine Airfoil Using Vortex Generator and Slot," Ocean Engineering, vol. 283, 2023.

Y. Xie, Y. Rao, Y. Cheng and W. Tian, "Investigation into the laminar separation flow control of airfoil at low Reynolds number by dimple vortex generator.," Aerospace Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 2022.

"NACA 4 digit airfoil generator (NACA 0012 airfoil)," Airfoil Tools, [Online]. Available: http://airfoiltools.com/airfoil/naca4digit?MNaca4DigitForm%5Bcamber%5D. [Accessed 29 August 2024].

Ö. Faruk Buyukluoğlu and H. Bayram, "Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Airfoils by Using CFD Method," in International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation, 2015.

M. Tarek Tawfik Soltan and M. M. Abdelrahman, "Helicopter Performance Enhancement by Alleviating Retreating Blade Stall Using Active Flow Control," Scientific African, vol. 21, 2023.

W. Shi, J. Li, H. Gao, H. Zhang, Z. Yang and Y. Jiang, "Numerical Investigations on Drag Reduction of A Civil Light Helicopter Fuselage," Aerospace Science and Technology, vol. 106, pp. 2-5, 2020.

S. Kumar, S. K. Singh, S. Jha, K. Baskaran, K. Srinivasan and S. Narayanan, "On The Reduction of Airfoil Broadband Noise Through Circular Dimples," Applied Acoustic, vol. 217, 2024.

W. Stalewski and W. Zalewski, "Performance Improvement of Helicopter Rotors Through Blade Redesigning," Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 91, no. 5, pp. 747-755, 2019.

T. Oktay and Ö. Özdemir Kanat, "A Review of Aerodynamic Active Flow Control," in 8th International Advanced Technologies Symposium, Etciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey, 2017.

Downloads

Published

2025-03-30

How to Cite

Mohd Noh, M. H., Abdul Hamid, A. H., & Azryn Hanif, M. S. (2025). Improvement of Aerodynamic Analysis on Helicopter Rotor Blade by Applying Passive Flow Control. Journal of Applied Engineering Design and Simulation, 5(1), 37-46. Retrieved from https://jaeds.uitm.edu.my/index.php/jaeds/article/view/99

Most read articles by the same author(s)